Telomeres and Other Causes of human aging process
LONGEVITY OR LIFE EXPECTANCY IN HUMANS
The average of human existence now ranges between 70 and 85 years ( although some people over 100 )
The extent longevity depends on a 20/30% of the family inheritance ( genetic physical and mental constitution, etc.) and the other 70/80% of style and living conditions of each person ( nutrition, diseases, more or less healthy habits, environment, labor and social conditions, better or worse health care, etc)
SYMPTOMS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN AGING
The aging is characterized by a progressive series of alterations and physical and mental deficiencies as:
- Wrinkles, sagging , and rough spots with dehydration and decreased collagen in the skin
- Increased risk of circulatory diseases , cerebral and cardio-pulmonary ( hypertension, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, stroke, stroke, asthma, heart attacks, etc)
- add different types of cancer (particularly those of the breast in women and prostate in men)
- Decrease of immune to the diseases
- Decreased strength, agility, elasticity, muscle tone and reflexes ; decreases muscle tissue and lose vitality and become more weak and straight (atrophy )
- Deformations degenerative bone ( osteopenia, osteoporosis , acromelagias, osteoarthritis , artitris, rheumatism, etc. )
- Phasing by decreasing height in the vertebral discs and the cartilages and bones of other joints. The spine is affected by kyphosis or curvature.
- increasing slowness and difficulty walking and moving to can also affect balance and cause falls
- Progressive loss or decreased visual capabilities ( presbyopia, myopia, cataracts, etc.), taste and hearing ( deafness to )
- Lost or progressive decrease libido and sexual function
- Reduced and improved processes slow psychic memorization and association of ideas, with increased risk of senile dementia ( as Alzheimer's disease ) with increasing
years - also in the progress of aging, are decreasing functions all other organs and systems ( renal-urinary tract, liver, pancreas, nervous, endocrine / hormones / neurotransmitters, etc.), emerging different pathologies and becoming more difficult to assimilation of nutrients and vitamins, so the risk elderly gradually weaken and fall in states of anemia, descalcificacición, etc. that must be overcome with appropriate medical treatment.
factors or causes that influence or determine
AGING
Several theories attempt to explain the causes of aging , indicating that this process is due to endogenous factors - internal or biological - And exogenous - external or environmental - such as: Exogenous
:
- Systems life positive or negative (or inadequate adequate food, healthy or unhealthy habits, occupations or contaminants or habitat, etc.) leading to a greater or less impairment of vitality and self-healing capacity and organic cell can alter the aging process and life expectancy
Endogenous :
- Certain endocrine and hormonal disorders ( in gonads, pancreas: insulin deficiency diabetes, et c)
- accumulation of toxic substances in the cells ( cholesterol, creatinine, etc )
- wear or deterioration resulting cell damage and alterations in different organs and tissues - and Specialist in the DNA - oxidative influenced by so-called "free radicals " and called "glycation " ( reaction when combined with sugars amioácidos, lipids and nucleic acids )
- Alteration or inactivation of certain genes ( Werner syndrome, progeria, etc )
- telomerase action found in the cells ( especially in germ stem cells, etc ) and influences - inhibit or failing to protect - the lengthening of telomeres
(see links at the bottom )
Telomeres are biological clock AGING
We would underscore the importance of PLAY processes or cell division are governed and programmed by DNA - under the action of telomerase - and more specifically few nucleotides and thiamine called TELOMERES . The
TELOMERES are the ends of chromosomes of the DNA ( see images in the links at the bottom )
Telomeres are biological clocks or timers programmed cell divisions and the life and death of the same.
With each of the processes of division and replication of cells - as years go by and increasing age of the person - telomeres is becoming shorter and, with such shortening, occurs later wear and disrupting mitosis of cells that fail to replicate and die ( however many of these cells instead of dying, becoming reactivated in cancer )
therefore shows that the telomeres of cells for the elderly are shorter than those of younger ( fetal cells have a extremely long telomeres )
So, when this loss of cell regenerative capacity is enhanced - because it is genetically determined by telomere shortening - by producing a process of programmed cell death which results by increasing age in the aging , culminating finally in the inevitable death of the elderly.
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RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH AND INCREASE LIFE EXPECTANCY
Surely, in a few years, science achieved through transplantation therapies or genetic modification, avoid or vary the factors that cause human aging and life may be prolonged beating the infirmities of old age that affect us today.
Until then, it seems sensible to meet certain medical research indicate that life expectancy can increase by some 10-12 years if you adopt certain healthy behaviors as:
- No smoking ( smoking alone is responsible for the 80/90% of the lung, mouth and throat and may decrease the hope life in about 10 to 15 years )
- not drink alcohol or toxic drugs
- Controlling blood
- Submission to regular checkups analysis and health status to indicate the doctor, at least annual , from 60 years
- Eat a balanced diet , such as the so-called "Mediterranean diet" - Containing proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, etc. - ( with plenty of vegetables, fruits, vegetables and nuts and minimizing fats, sweets and red meat ), but always adjusted to the calories essential ( to prevent overweight, obesity and other conditions related )
- Avoiding the following professional activities and sports involving excessive risk to our physical or mental
- Perform physical and mental exercises every day, to combat at all costs, physical inactivity and boredom. Cultivating the body and mind at any age ( gymnastics, running, tours, lectures, Internet browsing, etc )
- Ensure, through nutrition and exercise, that Body Mass Index (weight relative to height) is within normal limits.
- Practicing safe sex , taking the maximum preventive measures to avoid infection and unwanted pregnancies.
. Avoid excessive stress and sleep 7 / 8 hours each day .
- Having a positive mental attitude , fair, peaceful, generous and sociable, while never forgetting the joy and sense of humor compared to the problems and sorrows of life
- live and work, if possible, in places without excessive environmental pollution ( gases, fumes, noise, etc ) and in the case of reside in countries or regions by sanitary hostile climate or conditions or infrastructure poor, as in many parts of the Third World, seeking extreme hygiene and sterilization to prevent diseases such as cholera, malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, amoebiasis, dengue, hepatitis, etc. ( utlized prepared to boil or purify water , avoid insect bites, wash hands, eat well seasoned or preserved, etc )
- On the most obvious aspect of old age spots and wrinkles skin should avoid, throughout life, long exposure to sunlight on bare skin , especially at midday and unprotected solar aggression is the most important of the numerous cases of skin cancer that occur (drinking water and use moisturizers, and supesto, stay in the shade, may counteract this effect and reducing this harmful skin aging )
And finally, have patience and understanding difficult and slow rarities older ... They are a example and a reflection of what our lives will be within a few years unless the remedy science ... ----------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------- Currently several research teams from different countries are carrying out numerous experiments rejuvenation, preservation of the powers and aging in different species animals and in humans, with positive results, verifiable and in insects (like the fruit fly ) and mice ( that having a short life can be verified in a few days, weeks or months ) obtaining survival rates between 30 and 50 percent above normal longevity . These investigations
follow different procedures: cell manipulation / gene and neutralizing free radicals, treatment with certain proteins and hormones, caloric restriction through diet frugal and appropriate food choices, etc.
Within a few years know the results in humans and apes ( especially in chimpanzees by their genetic similarity and organic with man )
not be ruled out that our life may be extended beyond 100 years and passes, in the final Estapa with more vitality and less aches now.
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LINKS
CHANGES in body shape Aging - www.nlm.nih.gov / medlineplus
IMAGES and telomeres of human DNA - www.google.es / images
action of telomerase - es.wikipedia.org
What are and how to combat free radicals - www.lukor.com / science
That is
glycation and what are its causes and effects - es.wikipedia.org
Atherosclerosis: Causes and consequences it produces - www.nlm.nih.gov / medlineplus
SNUFF: effects and smoking cessation therapies - primatecuasisapiens.blogspot.com
WALK, at least 5,000 steps a day - primatecuasisapiens.blogspot.com
prevent overweight and obesity, with tips for controlling calories in food, MASS INDEX BODY & WEIGHT - primatecuasisapiens.blogspot
hormone and neurotransmitter, functions and effects - primatecuasisapiens.blogspot
Effects of caloric restriction on Health and the Prolongation of Life - www.bago.com
An amino acid supplement can increase the Life Expectancy in mice - europapress.es
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